Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Barrister at Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Please note: The ancestor reports on this website have been compiled from thousands of different sources, many over 100 years old. Henry VII traced his claim to the English crown through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, granddaughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt. [16] As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year,[7] equivalent in 2023 to c.170 213 million in income value, or 3.5 4.4 billion in relation to gdp.[8]. (1929). The three houses of English sovereigns that succeeded the rule of Richard II in 1399 - the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor - were all descended from John's children Henry IV, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively. Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and his three elder sons (the 3rd and 4th Dukes and the Earl of Dorset), all lost their lives, leaving no legitimate male heir. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. [18] There was organised opposition to his measures and rioting in London; John of Gaunt's arms were reversed or defaced wherever they were displayed, and protestors pasted up lampoons on his supposedly dubious birth. Deceased persons are not concerned by this provision. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. John of Gaunt - Wikipedia The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. However, in 1406, Henry IV decided that although the Beauforts were legitimate, their line could not be used to make any claim to the throne. Upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and Len in right of his wife, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as "my lord of Spain". These sources are attached to each ancestor so that you can personally judge their reliability. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of King Richard II (Edward the Black Prince's son) and the ensuing periods of political strife. Daughter of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. On his return from France in 1374, John took a more decisive and persistent role in the direction of English foreign policy. Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in AugustDecember 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a great chevauche from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900-kilometre raid. This is the famous portrait of John of Gaunt, thought to be a copy of one taken from life. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.62, see blazon of arms in Montague-Smith, P.W. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. Through his great-granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort he was also an ancestor of Henry VII, who married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York, and all subsequent monarchs are descendants of their marriage. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Husee to Lincolnshire). Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his inheritance and depose Richard. He is also referred to by Falstaff in Henry IV Part I. Hungerford in Berkshire has ancient links to the Duchy, the manor becoming part of John of Gaunt's estate in 1362 before James I passed ownership to two local men in 1612 (which subsequently became Town & Manor of Hungerford Charity). John (13661367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future. All U.S. Presidents Are Related -12 Year Old Girl Discovers That All [3] The House of Tudor was descended from the Beauforts in the female line and all subsequent English and British monarchs are descended from the first Tudor King, Henry VII. On 19 May 1359 at Reading Abbey, John married his third cousin, Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress and model. (1911). Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. 12.1 (2nd ed.). John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the 1st Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in the north of England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. John (1374-1375) John Walters Stratton (c.1388 - 1439) - Genealogy Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. Son of: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. 140-145. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) Vol. John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. John of Gaunt Famous Kin (3815) Because of his rank, John of Gaunt was one of England's principal military commanders in the 1370s and 1380s, though his enterprises were never rewarded with the kind of dazzling success that had made his elder brother Edward the Black Prince such a charismatic war leader. Upon arrival in Bordeaux, many more succumbed to the bubonic plague that was raging in the city. [42] He thus continued to signal his alliance with the Castilian royal house, while abandoning any claim to the throne. John of Gaunt's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, the son of his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. Cambridge University Press. View famous kin of John of Gaunt 11th Great-grandfather of George Washington 14th Generation Ahnentafel No: 11766 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 Death Location: His second son John became the first Duke of Somerset in 1443.[3]. The family tree for John of Gaunt is still in progress. He was one of England's principal negotiators in the diplomatic exchanges with France that led to the Truce of Leulinghem in 1396, and he initially agreed to join the French-led Crusade that ended in the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis, but withdrew due to ill-health and the political problems in Gascony and England. The second son (of John of Gaunt), Henry, became a bishop, Lord Chancellor, and a Cardinal; the third son, Thomas, became Duke of Exeter; and the daughter, Joan, married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, as his second wife. (There may have been a second Swynford daughter.) On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. [19] It was rumoured (and believed by many people in England and France) that he intended to seize the throne for himself and supplant the rightful heir, his nephew Richard, the son of the Black Prince, but there seems to have been no truth in this and on the death of Edward III and the accession of the child Richard II, John sought no position of regency for himself and withdrew to his estates. John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373-1410)-married Margaret Holland.