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Also, the horizontal spread of a caste rarely coincided with the territorial boundaries of a political authority. More common was an ekda or tad having its population residing either in a few neighbouring villages, or in a few neighbouring towns, or in both. To know how to differentiate between Gujrati surnames, given below is a list of surnames with the respective meanings. It seems the highland Bhils (and possibly also other tribes) provided brides to lower Rajputs in Gujarat. x[? -E$nvU 4V6_}\]}/yOu__}ww7oz[_z~?=|nNT=|qq{\//]/Ft>_tV}gjjn#TfOus_?~>/GbKc.>^\eu{[GE_>'x?M5i16|B;=}-)$G&w5uvb~o:3r3v GL3or}|Y~?3s_hO?qWWpn|1>9WS3^:wTU3bN{tz;T_}so/R95iLc_6Oo_'W7y; Breastfeeding Classes During Pregnancy Top Benefits and Importance, Cycling During Pregnancy Benefits, Risks, and Precautions, 6 Different Types of Delivery Methods You Must Know. The unit might possess some other corporate characteristics also. Acharya, a common Gujarati surname, derives its name from Acarya, a Sanskrit word for a spiritual leader, or the one who teaches conduct., The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means best among priests who perform Yagna.. The surname is a toponymic one and refers to those who originally belonged to the Amroli region of Surat in Gujarat. In 1891, when Hardyal Singh wrote about the Bhambi, Meghwal caste of Marwar states, he observed:[3][10][12], "The first two divisions (The Adu or unmixed Bhambis and the Maru Bhambis) are very closely connected and inter-marry, while the last two divisions only marry in their own communities respectively. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Although they claimed to be Brahman they were closely associated with agriculture. In other words, it did not involve a big jump from one place to another distant place. Apparently this upper boundary of the division was sharp and clear, especially when we remember that many of these royal families practised polygyny and female infanticide until middle of the 19th century (see Plunkett 1973; Viswa Nath 1969, 1976). Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. Till the establishment of democratic polity in 1947, hardly any caste association in Gujarat had manifest political functions. Unfortunately, such figures are not available for the last fifty years or so. This does not, however, help describe caste divisions adequately. Marriages were usually confined to neighbouring villages, so that marriage links were spread in a continuous manner from one end of the region to another. Bawa, Atit Bawa Goswami Vairagi Bawa Gosai Nor do I claim to know the whole of Gujarat. Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana :-A total of 43.84 lakh households from rural and urban divisions registered under Socio-Economic and Caste Based Survey 2011. Over nine years, she has helped various brands with compelling, well-researched, and unique content. The surname is probably derived from the word Hathi, which means elephant. Moreover, a single division belonging to any one of the orders may have more than one association, and an association may be uni-purpose or multi-purpose. I have not yet come across an area where Kolis from three or more different areas live together, excepting modern, large towns and cities. The emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower was even more marked in the relationship among the forty or so second-order divisions. The Bhavsars claim to be of Kshatriya descent. Caste order: the Patel is the new 'shudra' - mint CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF GUJARAT Entry No Caste/ Community Resolution No. A large proportion, if not the whole, of the population of many of such divisions lived in towns. You can check out this list below. For example, there were Khedawal Brahmans but not Khedawal Vanias, and Lad Vanias but no Lad Brahmans. In these divisions an increasing number of marriages are taking place against the grain of traditional hierarchy, i.e., girls of traditionally higher strata marry boys of traditionally lower strata. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. I will not discuss the present situation in detail but indicate briefly how the above discussion could be useful for understanding a few important changes in modern times. Muslims castes in Gujarat - newpakhistorian A common Gujarati and Sindhi surname, Virani means descendant of Vir. The word Vir derives from the Sanskrit word Vira, meaning a hero. Further, the castes there are unable to take cognizance of each other in terms of hierarchy or of occupation, and it is in this situation that they can be said to exist by virtue of their differences (296) it is the systematic recognition of difference which is most apparent. The two former ekdas continued to exist with diminished strength. Many of them claimed that they were Brahmans but this claim was not accepted by most established Brahmans. Modi has an occupational origin, and refers to those who came from the community of Bania, which originally consisted of merchants, traders, money-lenders, and shopkeepers. Parekh derives from the Sanskrit word pariksaka, meaning an examiner. The name, Talapada, meaning mdigenous, commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning foreign, who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias. 01051 kerala 01 ganak 01052 kerala 01 gounder kongu vellala 01053 kerala 01 gounder menon 01054 kerala 01 gounder padaiyachi 01055 Then there were a number of urban divisions of specialized artisans, craftsmen and servants, as for example, Sonis (gold and silver smiths), Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Bhavsars (weavers, dyers and printers), Malis (florists), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Kachhias (vegetable sellers), Darjis (tailors), Dabgars (makers of drums, saddles and such other goods involving leather), Ghanchis (oil pressers), Golas ferain and spice pounders and domestic servants), Dhobis (washermen), Chudgars (banglemakers), and Tambolis (sellers of area nuts, betel leaves, etc.). %PDF-1.7 The dye is caste in Gujarat - Times of India In a paper on Caste among Gujaratis in East Africa, Pocock (1957b) raised pointedly the issue of the relative importance of the principles of division (he called it difference) and hierarchy. Then please ask us by writing in the comment box. Moreover, some leading Anavils did not wish to be bothered about Brahman status, saying that they were just Anavil. Far from it, I am only suggesting that its role had certain limitations and that the principle of division was also an important and competing principle. Many of these names were also based on place names. 8. It is one of the common surnames among Indian Brahmins. Since the beginning of the modern reform movement to encourage inter-caste marriages-most of which are in fact inter-tad or inter-ekda marriagesthe old process of fission into ekdas and tads has come to a halt, and it is, therefore, difficult to understand this process without making a systematic historical enquiry. [21], In the countryside of Rajasthan, many of the people of this community still reside in small hamlets of round, mud-brick huts painted on the outside with colourful geometric designs and decorated with detailed mirror inlays. Origin, State of Origin, Mother tongue, Religion of surname 'Bhakta'. It reflects, on the one hand, the political aspirations of Kolis guided by the importance of their numerical strength in electoral politics and on the other hand, the Rajputs attempt to regain power after the loss of their princely states and estates. Born in 1947, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Hardiman was raised in England, completed his PhD in history at the . The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). In any case, the population of any large caste was found in many kingdoms. The small town sections therefore separated themselves from the respective large town sections and formed a new ekda. Purohit means a family priest or a priest who always stays at the forefront of a pooja (a prayer ritual). Read Also:150 Most Popular Indian Last Names For Your Baby The surname refers to those who came from a family of Purohits.. The popularity and usage of Gujarati surnames have changed significantly over the period of years due to changes in social, linguistic, and cultural trends. Although my knowledge is fragmentary, I thought it was worthwhile to put together the bits and pieces for the region as a whole. General Caste List & Open Caste List is same-same in Gujarat State. These powerful last names will allow your little ones to flaunt their surnames with pride. Individuals from the Barot community would usually work as genealogists (one who studies and makes a pedigree) and as bards. Usually, a single Koli division had different local names in different parts of Gujarat, but more about this later. The existence of flexibility at both the levels was made possible by the flexibility of the category Rajput. I do not propose to review the literature on caste here; my aim is to point out the direction towards which a few facts from Gujarat lead us. Together they provide a slice of Gujarati society from the sea- coast to the bordering highlands. Broadly speaking, therefore, a Bhagat is a holy person or a member of a community whose objectives involve leading humanity towards God and highlighting injustices in the world. These prefixes Visa and Dasa, were generally understood to be derived from the words for the numbers 20 (vis) and 10 (das), which suggested a descending order of status, but there is no definite evidence of such hierarchy in action. In recent years, however, there has been a tendency to emphasize hierarchy as the primary principle encompassing the principle of division. There were Brahman and Vania divisions of the same name, the myths about both of them were covered by a single text. For example, there was considerable ambiguity about the status of Anavils. Most inter-divisional marriages take place between boys and girls belonging to the lowest order in the structure of divisions. In spite of them, however, sociologists and social anthropologists have not filled adequately the void left by the disappearance of caste from the census and the gazetteer. Leva Kanbis, numbering 400,000 to 500,000 m 1931, were the traditional agricultural caste of central Gujarat. Subaltern studies changed how resistance struggles are understood <>/Metadata 3086 0 R/ViewerPreferences 3087 0 R>> In the village strict prohibition of inter-division marriage as well as the rules of purity and pollution and other mechanisms, of which the students of Indian village communities are well aware since the 1950s, maintained the boundaries of these divisions. Literally, ekda meant unit, and gol circle, and both signified an endogamous unit. Gujarat (along with Bombay) has perhaps the largest number of caste associations and they are also more active and wealthy compared to those in other regions. Nevertheless, a breakdown of the population of Gujarat into major religious, caste and tribal groups according to the census of 1931 is presented in the following table to give a rough idea of the size of at least some castes. There was apparently a close relation between a castes internal organization and the size and spatial distribution of its population. James Campbell (1901: xii), the compiler of gazetteers for the former Bombay presidency comprising several linguistic regions, wrote about Gujarat: In no part of India are the subdivisions so minute, one of them, the Rayakval Vanias, numbering only 47 persons in 1891. [8], However, it is theorized that at the time of Muslim invasion of India, many people of high castes including Rajputs, Charans, Brahmins, and Jats joined or were recruited in the Bhambhi caste. Sign up for free and get a reading plan and resources thats personalised for your exact parenting stage. This tendency reaches its culmination in the world of Dumont. The migrants, many of whom came from heterogeneous urban centres of Gujarat, became part of an even more heterogeneous environment in Bombay. As you know Digital Gujrat is the feature of our generation. It is not claimed that separation, or even repulsion, may not be present somewhere as an independent factor (1972: 346,n.55b). The Rajput links entailed the spread of Rajput culture in each Koli division and provided a certain cultural homogeneity to all the divisions. The name, Talapada, meaning "mdigenous", commonly used in the 19th century, is most clear, since it is clearly distinguished from the other division called Pardeshi, meaning "foreign", who during the last one or two centuries immigrated here from the area around Patan in north Gujarat and were, therefore, also called Patan- wadias . Phone +91 79 23253245 2021 Director, Developing Castes Welfare, Government of Gujarat . There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. Create an account to receive great content curated, personalised home page, and get support in parenting. The Subaltern Studies Group was part of a larger post-structural and cultural turn in the humanities and social sciences, which has profoundly changed how we today discuss history, power, consciousness, colonialism and resistance. Hey mothers out there, sign up now and thank me later :) - BY Priya Rathore, The best thing that happened to me as a mother is me signing up with them for my two sweet little munchkin's needs. The village was a small community divided into a relatively small number of castes; the population of each caste was also small, sometimes only one or two households, with little possibility of existence of subdivisions; and there were intensive relationships of various kinds between the castes. Kumbhar (Prajapati, Varia), Prajapati (uijar prajapati, Varia Prajapati, Sorthia Prajapati), Sorathiya Prajapati. In contrast, there were horizontal units, the internal hierarchy and hypergamy of which were restricted to some extent by the formation of small endogamous units and which had discernible boundaries at the lowest level. 2. Many of them became the norm-setting elite for Gujaratis in the homeland. The exact meaning of the Ganjawala surname is unknown. Within each of these divisions, small endogamous units (ekdas, gols, bandhos) were organized from time to time to get relief from the difficulties inherent in hypergamy. While we do get evidence of fission of caste divisions of a higher order into two or more divisions of a lower order, the mere existence of divisions of a lower order should not be taken as evidence of fission in a division of a higher order. He stated: hereditary specialization together with hierarchical organization sinks into the background in East Africa (293). Sometimes castes are described as becoming ethnic groups in modern India, particularly in urban India. He does not give importance to this possibility probably because, as he goes on to state, what is sought here is a universal formula, a rule without exceptions (ibid.). After marriage, the wife moves to the husband's house, except for the period of childbirth. The name Desai thus means landlord.. The most important of them was the Koli division, which was, the largest division and mainly included small landholders, tenants and labourers. Frequently, marriages were arranged in contravention of a particular rule after obtaining the permission of the council of leaders and paying a penalty in advance. [citation needed] The Meghs, Kabir Panthi or Bhagat are from Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir[16] and are known as Megh, Arya Megh and Bhagat. Get close to the ancestry and significance of some of the popular Spanish surnames. This Hinduism-related article is a stub. Bhagat is also a Hindu, Buddhist and Jain surname, which is most prevalent in the northern states of India. However, on the basis of the meagre information I have, I am able to make a few points. Today, there are two kinds of Koli areas. Leva Sheri and Kadva Sheri, named after the two major second-order divisions among the Kanbis. The interesting and popular Gujarati surnames make them stand out from the rest. The migration of the Kolis of north Gujarat into central Gujarat and those of the latter into eastern Gujarat was a process of slow drift from one village to another over a period of time. It is designed to regulate the affairs of the community and apply sanctions against infractions of the communal code. In Punjab, especially in the cities like Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana a good number of them is engaged as workers in factories producing sports, hosiery, surgical and metal goods. All the small towns sections in each of the ekdas resented that, while the large town section accepted brides from small towns, they did not reciprocate. To illustrate, among the Khadayata or Modh Vanias, an increasing number of marriages take place between two or more tads within an ekda. The following surnames in the Shree Sorathia Prajapati community are being used and obtained through heritage for centuries: The point is that the Rajput hierarchy, with the princely families at the top, merged at the lower level imperceptibly into the vast sea of tribal and semi-tribal people like Bhils and Kolis. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. Gupta is a common Gujarati surname that derives its name from Gupt, a Sanskrit word meaning, protected or secret. (Sanskrit: :)[6][7] Finally, while an increasing number of marriages are taking place even across the boundaries of first-order divisions, as for example, between Brahmans and Vanias, and between Vanias and Patidars, such marriages even now form an extremely small proportion of the total number of marriages. BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES NEEDED IN INDIAN ELECTION SYSTEMS - Academia.edu A comment on the sociology of urban India would, therefore, be in order before we go ahead with the discussion of caste divisions. The names usually begin with "Ma" or "Ta". Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022. It is an occupational surname that referred to someone who worked as a supervisor or a proprietor. While some of the divisions of a lower order might be the result of fission, some others might be a result of fusion. I am dealing here only with certain typical situations. The Patels of Gujarat were largely mobilised and politically active during the Indian freedom movement due to the presence of leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi in the region, and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel from the community. All for free. The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. If you have any doubts or questions related to Gujarat Caste List in your mind. Our site uses cookies to make your experience on this site even better. Willy, Will, or Willa - Which one will you choose for your baby? All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. Gujrati surnames are mostly the ones who are from a business class, a small scale or industrial one. Indian (Gujarat and Maharashtra): unexplained. The recent brouhaha doesn't make a Modicom of sense to our community which also has this family name. While almost all the social structures and institutions which existed in villagesreligion, caste, family, and so onalso existed in towns, we should not assume that their character was the same. We will now analyze the internal structure of a few first-order divisions, each of which was split into divisions going down to the fourth order. Although I have not, during my limited field work, come across hypergamous marriages between Rajputs and Bhils, ethnographic reports and other literature frequently refer to such marriages (see, for example, Naik 1956: 18f; Nath I960. There was an emphasis on being different and separate rather than on being higher and lower. According to the Rajputs I know in central Gujarat, the highest stratum among them consisted of the royal families of large and powerful kingdoms in Gujarat and neighbouring Rajasthan, such as those of Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Kachchh, Porbandar, Bikaner, Idar, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and so on. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. <> Among the Kanbis, while there was hypergamy within the Leva division and possibly, similar hypergamy within the Kadva division, there was no hierarchy or hypergamy between the two second-order divisions. The pattern of inter-divisional marriages shows how the idea of free marriage, which guides most of the inter-caste marriages, is restricted, modified, and graded according to the traditional structure of caste divisions. The urban community included a large number of caste groups as well as social groups of other kinds which tended to be like communities with a great deal of internal cohesion. By the beginning of British rule in the early 19th century, a considerable number of these chieftains had succeeded in establishing petty chiefdoms, each composed of one, and occasionally more than one, village, in all parts of Gujarat. The Kayatias main occupation was to perform a ritual on the eleventh day after death, during which they took away offerings made to ghosts: this was the main cause of their extremely low status among Brahmans. Impress your Guju friends by learning the meaning of their surnames. 2 0 obj There was a continuous process of formation and disintegration of such units. The patterns of change in marriage and in caste associations are two of the many indications of the growing significance of the principle of division (or separation or difference) in caste in urban areas in Gujarat. Thanks much Beingtheparent.com - BY Srishti Apte, Modh Bania religion, belonging to business community, Name bestowed by Mughals to Hindu Gujarati Patels for people working as tax collectors for them, People belonging to the Amroli region in Gujarat, The Community that usually works as genealogists, Title of honour bestowed by a king to a nobleman or a warrior, Occupational name for someone who produces or sells alcohol, This name originates from Dwivedi which means one who mastered two Vedas, Not certain, believed to be for the ones whose ancestors produce Ganja or cannabis, Belonging to the viallage of Kotadiya in Jamnagar district of Gujarat, One who belongs to a family of artisans or masons, He who does meditation for the entire life, Belonging to community of goldsmith, blacksmith, coppersmith, carpenter and stonemasons, Assayer of gold and silver and other precious items, One who takes care of parrots or birds in general, One who would have produced or sold rubber, One who offers hospitality to Jain pilgrims.